From  On Revolution, by Hannah Arendt 1963


The Meaning of Revolution... But this difficulty in drawing the line between liberation and freedom in any set of historical circumstances does not mean that liberation and freedom are the same, or that those liberties which are won as the result of liberation tell the whole story of freedom, even though those who tried their hand at both libera- tion and the foundation of freedom more often than not did not distinguish between these matters very clearly either. The men of the eighteenth-century revolutions had a perfect right to this lack of clarity; it was in the very nature of their enterprise that they discovered their own capacity and desire for the 'charms of liberty', as John Jay once called them, only in the very act of Iiberation. For the acts and deeds which liberation demanded from them threw them into public business, where, inten- tionally or more often unexpectedly, they began to constitute that space of appearances where freedom can unfold its charms and become a visible, tangible reality. Since they were not in the least prepared for these charms, they could hardly be expected to be fully aware of the new phenomenon. It was nothing less than the weight of the entire Christian tradition which pre- vented them from owning up to the rather, obvious fact that they were enjoying what they were doing far beyond the call of duty.


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