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[XV.
1.]
...."We
are convinced... as are the commissioners appointed to look into the conditions
of the handloom weavers, that the large industrial towns would quickly
lose their population of workers if they did not all the time receive
a continual stream of healthy people and fresh blood from the surrounding
country areas."
[Eugene Buret, pp. 362]
[XVI.
1.]
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[XV.
2.]
are generally
in proportion to the extent of his stock, or to the number of people it
can employ. The quantity of industry, therefore, not only increases in
every country with the increase of the stock which employs it, but, in
consequence of that increase, the same quantity of industry produces a
much greater quantity of work."
[Smith, I, p. 242]
....Hence overproduction.
...."More
extensive combinations of productive forces... in trade and industry through
the unification of more numerous and more varied human and natural forces
for undertakings on a larger scale. Also, there are already a number of
cases of closer links among the main branches of production themselves.
Thus, large manufacturers will try to acquire large estates in order to
avoid depending on others for at least a part of the raw materials they
need for their industry; or they will set up a trading concern linked
to their industrial enterprises and not only sell their own products but
buy up and retail other sorts of goods to their workers. In England, where
there are some factory owners who employ between 10- and 12,000 workers...
similar combinations of different branches of production under the control
of one man, small states or provinces within a state, are not uncommon.
For example, the mine-owners near Birmingham recently took over the entire
process of iron production, which was previously in the hands of several
different entrepreneurs and owners. See 'Der bergannische Distrikt
bei Birmingham', Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift, no.3, 1838. Finally,
in the larger joint-stock companies, which have become so numerous, we
find extensive combinations of the financial resources of many shareholders
with the scientific and technical knowledge and skills of others to whom
the execution of the work is entrusted. In this way, it is possible for
many capitalists to apply their savings in a more diversified way and
even invest them simultaneously in agricultural, industrial, and commercial
production; as a result, their interests also become more diversified
[XVI.
2.]
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